ABSTRACT Species of the Amaranthus genus are very versatile and have potential for the application in the development of commercial products. The near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is an efficient tool that can help in the quality control of products, quickly and non-destructive to the sample. The goal of this study was to carry out the distinction of seed and oils of different Amaranthus species using the near infrared spectroscopy. Three species were used: A. viridis L., A. hybridus L. e Amaranthus sp. (commercial). The spectra acquired from the sample using the near infrared spectroscopy were submitted to the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and to the principal component analysis (PCA). Through PCA, it was possible to differentiate the Amaranthus species both for seeds and oils. Through PLS-DA, it was possible to predict the classes of the species with high degree of correct classification, with 96.67% of correct classifications for seeds and 98.89% for oil. Thus, with the use of the near infrared spectroscopy associated with the multivariate statistical analysis, it is possible to classify the different Amaranthus species, especially when using the oil.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to establish multivariate models for the prediction of wood basic density with reference to the values of average density of trees and near infrared (NIR) spectra measured in the breast height. The wood basic density of 39 Eucalyptus clones was determined in the laboratory by means of the mean longitudinal positions of 0%, 2%, 10%, 30%, 50% and 75% of the commercial height of the tree by the gravimetric method. NIR spectra were recorded using a spectrometer using optical fiber probe and integrating sphere directly on the transverse plane of the solid wood in disks collected from diameter at breast height and later in the sawdust. The performance of the NIR based models was evaluated according to the spectral acquisition method and sample preparation. The results showed that the best model for basic density estimation using indirect measurements was developed from the average spectra per clone measured in solid wood disks (R2cv of 0.77 and RMSEcv of 15 kg.m-³).

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of particle size of charcoal samples on the predictive model statistics of charcoal chemical composition based on the NIR spectroscopy. Spectra of Acacia and of Eucalyptus charcoal were collected in the 100, 60 and 40 mesh granulometry, besides the powder remaining at the bottom of the sieves sets. They were subjected to principal component analysis and partial least square regression in order to estimate of volatile material (VMC), ash (AC) and fixed carbon content (FCC) values. The estimation of the FCC, VMC and AC of Eucalyptus based on NIR was more accurate using spectra of lower-particle-size powder. The models for Acacia charcoal were better using spectra measured at 40 mesh to predict FCC, 100 mesh for AC, and smaller size for VMC. NIR spectroscopy was efficient in estimating the immediate chemical composition of charcoal, except for AC.

Resumo A quantidade de recursos hídricos deve ser garantida com a devida qualidade. Neste contexto, o trabalho objetivou caracterizar a qualidade da água do rio Setúbal utilizando o Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) e os padrões estabelecidos na Resolução do CONAMA 357/2005, após a construção da barragem de Setúbal, no Município de Jenipapo de Minas - MG. Para a caracterização da qualidade da água, seis amostras foram coletadas bimestralmente em dois pontos estratégicos do rio entre junho de 2015 a junho de 2016, sendo analisados os parâmetros: potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), oxigênio dissolvido (OD), temperatura, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), nitrato (NO3 -), fósforo (PO4 3-), cloreto, turbidez, sólidos totais, ferro total, coliformes totais e Escherichia coli. O IQA foi calculado a partir da metodologia proposta pelo IGAM. De acordo com os resultados, a construção da barragem de Setúbal pode ter contribuído para a alteração de alguns parâmetros físico-químicos e biológicos da água do rio Setúbal. Nos dois pontos de amostragem, a água apresentou um IQA predominantemente de nível médio, porém com algumas variáveis em desconformidade com o enquadramento do rio que é de classe 2.

Abstract The quality of water resources must be guaranteed. In this context, this study aimed to characterize the water quality of the river Setúbal using the Water Quality Index (WQI) and standards set by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005, after the construction of Setúbal dam in the municipality of Jenipapo de Minas - MG. For the characterization of water quality, six samples were collected bimonthly between June 2015 to June 2016 at two strategic river points and the following parameters were analyzed: hydrogen potential (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, biochemical demand oxygen (BDO), nitrate (NO3-), phosphorus (PO4 3-), chloride, turbidity, total solids, total iron, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The WQI was calculated using the methodology proposed by IGAM. The results showed that the construction of Setúbal dam may have influenced changes in some of the physiochemical and biological parameters of Setúbal river’s water. The medium WQI level predominated in the two sampling points, but some variables did not reflect the Class2 river category.